Background/Aim: Dental implant stabilities are essential to prevent implant loss. The purpose of the study is to appraise the physical properties, bone density, and bone thickness of dental implants and the effects of the implant locations on stability. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six patients participated in the study at the Harran University Periodontology Department (between 2019 and 2020). Of these patients, 19 patients were female, 17 patients were male, and the average age of patients was 48.21 years. Patients who underwent dental implant surgery were contained in the study. A total of 127 dental implants were placed using standard surgical protocols. The specific transducer compatible with implant system was fixed to the implant body by means of an abutment using a screw. The implant stability quotient (ISQ, Osstell™) values were determined for each implant 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. Results: As a result of the statistical analysis, the values of the ISQ taken in the mandible region were higher in the 4, 8, and 12 weeks compared to the values of the ISQ values obtained from the maxilla region. Statistically significant differences were also found between these values (P < 0.05). Conclusion: We found that implants with a long and wide width represented higher ISQ values and stability compared to shorter and narrower implants. Higher values were found in the mesiodistal direction compared to the buccolingual and buccopalatal directions, and in the mandible compared to the maxilla. This situation increases the stability in places where bone density and bone thickness are higher.

Background: Acute-phase reactant proteins are synthesized in human body in response to chronic periodontal states. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a similar protein produced in response to chronic inflammatory conditions. Aim: The aim of the study was to correlate CRP levels in chronic periodontitis when compared to normal controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 individuals suffering from chronic periodontitis and an equal numbers of controls were included in the study. Blood samples were drawn from all individuals after obtaining informed consent, and CRP levels were estimated using an ELISA kit. Unpaired t-test was performed for statistical analysis. Results: The mean CRP levels were found to be higher in periodontitis individuals as compared to normal controls. However, no statistical significance was observed on comparing both the groups. Conclusion: An elevated CRP level was obtained in the diseased group, confirming the inflammatory background response to periodontal diseases.

Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders symbolize a multifactorial malady which manifests as a painful condition in the orofacial region and have a high prevalence rate among different populations. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of TMJ disorders among patient visiting the outpatient department (OPD) of a private dental college situated in Haryana. Materials and Methods: A total of 30,000 people visiting the OPD of Manav Rachna Dental College were screened for a period of 6 months, and out of them, 130 patients were having temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Five parameters were assessed, and positive as well as negative findings were recorded. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis, and P = 0.05 was considered a set point. Results: Females were found to be more affected with TMDs than males in the age group ranging from 37 to 46 years. Joint tenderness was the most common symptom among the parameters that were analyzed. Conclusion: Dental professionals ought to teach and persuade the patients to take up preventive measures and early treatment to maintain a strategic distance from further manifestations that fill in as forerunners to TMJ disorders.

Objective and Background: Determining SCN (thiocyanate) levels in saliva has been the most frequently used biochemical tests for establishing an incidence of tobacco consumption among smokers and can be used as biochemical indicator in the evaluation of precancerous condition like oral leukoplakia. Materials and Methods: Group A (n = 30) consisted of a clinically diagnosed case of oral leukoplakia between the ages of 30 and 50 years (n = 30) with inclusion criteria of male gender and history of cigarette smokers with a habit of smoking 4–7 cigarettes per day for a minimum period of 4–5 years or more. Group B, cigarette smokers without leukoplakia group, consisted of individuals (n = 30) with inclusion criteria of matched age and sex and history of cigarette smoking. The salivary SCN estimation was done by the Denson analysis. The comparison of salivary SCN level for two groups was statistically compared using unpaired Student's Test. Patient's smoking history (number of cigarettes smoked, duration of smoking) was noted in pack-years. Results: Salivary thiocyanate levels (mM/L) were found to be significantly higher (P < 0.001) in smokers with leukoplakia (13.55 ± 2.58) as compared to smokers without leukoplakia (7.46 ± 1.85). Comparison of salivary thiocyanate levels (mM/L) with pack-years among smokers showed a positive correlation with P < 0.001 which was highly statistically significant. There was a progressive increase in mean salivary thiocyanate levels as the pack-years increased. Conclusion: Salivary SCN level in smokers with leukoplakia is significant high in comparison to smokers without leukoplakia.

Background: Dental students get the chance to experience real-life situations when they are in contact with patients, from whom they learn and enhance their knowledge. As the dental students' perceived professionalism, respect for patient privacy and confidence were significantly related to patients' acceptance of student participation in their care, these social competencies should be a priority in dental curricula. Aims: The aim was to investigate patients' perception regarding dental students' role in surgical treatment procedures. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a randomly selected sample of 148 patients at our college in the department of oral surgery waiting room during the month of March 2019. Subjects and Methods: OpenEpi was used to determine sample size based on the average number of patients who attended the oral surgery department every day for 4 weeks in the month that proceeded data collection with the exclusion of weekend days. A self-administered questionnaire consisted of 17 close-ended questions to allow adult participants to answer and the guardians to answer on behalf of their children. The internal consistency of the questionnaire showed good reliability for participants during the pilot study (Cronbach's alpha: 0.86) and acceptable validity with intraclass correlation coefficient having value of 0.79. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Windows, Version 20.0 for the generation of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: It was found that 34.46% of the total participants did not want to allow dental student to watch them, whereas most of the participants (65.54%) would allow dental student to watch them while dental examination. A total of 86.49% believed that dental students should specifically obtain patient consent prior to becoming observers. It was observed that both genders preferred the similar gender dental student. Conclusion: The results showed that most of the surveyed patients had a positive perception of dental students as they accepted dental students' participation in their care.

Background: Globally, the prevalence of diabetes is soaring among middle- and low-income countries. Lip print is a noninvasive procedure which is being genetically determined to serve as a tool in forensic dentistry. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the role of lip prints among Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Aims and Objectives: The aim and objective of the study were to assess the lip pattern of the individual among diabetic and nondiabetic individuals, and the objective was to compare and correlate lip print pattern in patients with Type 2 DM. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 25 uncontrolled Type 2 DM patients and 25 healthy controls. Lip prints were obtained and classified using Suzuki and Tsuchihashi's classification. Statistical Analysis: The software SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 20 was used for statistical analysis. Chi-square test was used for comparison. Results: The results of the present study demonstrated that Type 4 reticular pattern was significantly higher among diabetic patients. Conclusion: The present study showed that lip prints may serve as a predictive tool in screening Type 2 DM.

Rehabilitation of a residual ocular defect is a challenge for prosthodontists as it needs utilization of favorable anatomical factors and modification of unfavorable conditions so as to meet the triad of form, esthetics, and comfort. During the World War II, the United States Naval Dental and Medical School introduced the use of methyl methacrylate for the fabrication of ocular prosthesis. Since then, it has been widely used in the form of stock eye shell and modified stock shell and for custom-made ocular prosthesis. Medical-grade room-temperature vulcanizing silicone and its various advancements over the years have revolutionized the science of maxillofacial rehabilitation. The use of this material for ocular prosthesis has been underexplored. It exhibits numerous advantages over the age-old poly methyl methacrylate such as absence of monomer, flexibility, and improved esthetics in terms of intrinsic coloration, making it more biocompatible and comfortable for the patient. This case report aims to highlight the fabrication of custom-made ocular prosthesis using medical-grade silicone with emphasis on the use of multi-specialty approach for the selection of the iris and the use of photographic grid for iris placement. Medical-grade silicone has been used successfully for the fabrication of eye prosthesis in animals achieving desirable biological, mechanical, and esthetic goals of the rehabilitation process.

Treatment of open apex cases with biodentine is promising over calcium hydroxide and alternative materials. The present case illustrates the successful management of teeth 11 and 21 with failed root canal treatment which was done so many years back with wide open apex. The apex of the tooth was sealed with biodentine to act as an apical barrier and to provide a platform for obturation, following canal cleaning with sodium hypochlorite and minimal biomechanical preparation. Intracanal medicament, calcium hydroxide was placed in both the tooth. Hand pluggers were used to compact biodentine to form an apical plug of adequate thickness. Thermoplasticized gutta percha was back filled or obturated in the remaining part of the radicular canal. One year follow-up revealed that the tooth was asymptomatic clinically as well as radiographically with the signs of healing and healing of periapical radiolucency supported the successful outcome results in the present case.

Actinomycosis is a rare entity causing acute or chronic infections by filamentous bacteria, Actinomyces species. It usually affects soft tissue but rarely affects bone leading to Actinomycotic osteomyelitis. We report a case of 22-year-old male clinically and radiologically diagnosed as Osteomyelitis, and histopathologically confirmed as Actinomycotic osteomyelitis. The current study also highlights the importance of histopathological examination of any clinically suspected lesion, due to low biological identification rate. Correct diagnosis of the disease avails adequate treatment and thus better prognosis.

The retreatment in endodontics, when correctly incorporated, permits the conservation of dental components. The removal of different substances from root canal such as gutta-percha, fractured endodontic instruments, and silver points is the remedy to a successful retreatment of teeth with failed primary endodontic treatment. It is often required to take out metal posts placed in the root canals in teeth showing great loss of the clinical crown. Their removal is of specific importance for evaluating endodontic space, cleaning, and disinfection of root canal. The intention of this case report is to introduce techniques and armamentarium for removing metal posts placed in the root canal of right maxillary second premolar with mutilated clinical crown requiring retreatment. This manner of intracanal metal post removal and retreatment is well recommended and successful since the teeth remained with good signs of prognosis after the treatment.